''Papilio crino'', the common banded peacock, is a species of swallowtail (Papilionidae)

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

found in parts of the Indian subcontinent, including India, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka.

Description

This species resembles ''Papilio palinurus'', but the male generally has, on the upperside of the outer half of the forewing, cottony or hairy scent-streaks similar to those in ''Papilio polyctor'', only the streak in interspace 1 is always missing. Other differences are seen in the upper wing. The forewing has the discal transverse bluish-green band slightly sinuous, narrower, more curved than in ''P. palinurus'' and more distinctly decreasing in width towards the costal margin; in the female it is more sinuous than in the male. The hindwing has the transverse bluish-green band very variable in width but the inner margin is much straighter than in ''P. polyctor''; this band that in ''P. polyctor'' stops short of vein 7, continues to the costal margin, it is however much and abruptly narrowed above vein 7; tornal ocellus claret-red with a large black centre inwardly edged with blue; the bright ochraceous subapical lunule of ''P. polyctor'' replaced by a dull whitish spot; the subterminal diffuse green lunules restricted to interspaces 2,3 and 4; the spatular apex of the tail with a small patch of bluish-green scales. On the underside of the wings the ground colour is dull pale brown to blackish brown irrorated (sprinkled) with scattered yellowish scales, which, however, on the forewing are absent from a large triangular discal patch that lies between the dorsum, the median vein, vein 5 and a line of white lunules that crosses the wing in an outward curve from the upper third of the costa to just before the glossary of entomology terms, tornus; these white lunules are outwardly diffuse and merge gradually into the brown ground colour. In the hindwing, the tornal ocellus much as on the upperside; an obscure ill-defined highly arched postdiscal narrow whitish band from above the tornal ocellus to the costa, ends near apex of interspace 7 in a broad white lunule; beyond this a double subterminal row of somewhat straight ochreous-white lunules in the interspaces, each lunule of the inner row bordered outwardly with blue, this bordering very faint in many specimens. Cilia of both forewings and hindwings brown alternated with white. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen dark brownish black; the head, thorax and abdomen above with a sprinkling of glittering green scales. Expanse: 100–116 mm

Distribution

Lower Bengal; forested parts of central and southern India (including Kerala); Sri Lanka.

Life history

Egg

The female lays eggs on leaves of the Chloroxylon swietenia, satinwood tree ''Chloroxylon swietenia''.Gaden S. Robinson, Phillip R. Ackery, Ian J. Kitching, George W. Beccaloni and Luis M. Hernández. HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplant

Accessed May 2007

Larva

"Somewhat limaciform; anterior segments convexly scutellated; furnished with a pair of short fleshy tubercles on anterior and two on anal segments."

Pupa

"Curved backward anteriorly; head broad in front; green"

Adult

The butterfly is solitary and a fast flyer. It flies high above and forages on the trees (e.g., creeper blooms on bamboo). However, occasionally it is attracted to bright flowers of plants on the ground as well (e.g., dwarf red ''Ixora''). It flutters in a hurry while sipping nectar. It is distinguished due to its colour which is shiny fluorescent blue or green depending on the angle of observation. The magnificent colours are due to scales in interior of its wings. Also there are spots in the bottom of its hindwings similar to Eyespot (mimicry), eyespots. The exterior of wings is brownish black with patterns similar to eyespots. Perhaps the only protection for this species is self-mimicry through the eyespots as regards to its morphology, considering its bright peacock colours and its fast flight.

References

General reading

*Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach, 1998 ''Schmetterlinge der Erde'', Butterflies of the world Part I (1), Papilionidae Papilionidae I: ''Papilio'', Subgenus ''Achillides'', ''Bhutanitis'', ''Teinopalpus''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach. Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books * * * * * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q7132866 Papilio, crino Butterflies of Asia Butterflies described in 1792